From the Cover of the Laws of the Game 2009/2010
Source: FIFA
First we'll focus on the direct free kick. That's where the penalty kicker can take a free shot directly, well, anywhere he or she wants, but often in the direction of, or crossing in front of, the goal. Most times you'll see 3 or 4 of the opposing team line up in front of the kicker, no closer than 10 yards. Most importantly, goals can be scored from direct free kicks.
The Direct Free Kick - straight from the Laws of the Game.
A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any of the following seven offences in a manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:
• kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
• trips or attempts to trip an opponent
• jumps at an opponent
• charges an opponent
• strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
• pushes an opponent
• tackles an opponent
A direct free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any of the following three offences:
• holds an opponent
• spits at an opponent
• handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within his own penalty area)
A direct free kick is taken from the place where the offence occurred.
In summary, if the ref thinks the foul was reckless, careless, or used excessive force AND was one of the offences listed above, he or she will call a foul and award a direct free kick.
If a foul as described above is called by the ref inside the penalty area, then the direct free kick becomes a penalty kick. 1 on 1 between the penalty kicker and the goalie with the ball placed on the penalty mark. We'll talk about penalty kicks in another post.
In summary, then, with regard to direct free kicks - no egregious kicking, tripping, jumping on, charging, striking, pushing, tackling, or holding an opponent.
And no hand balls.
And most especially, no spitting. Very very bad.
More on Laws of the Game
Hand Ball!
The Field of Play
Sideline Guideline
Hey! That Player is Offside!!!
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